Quck answer
Dog behavior problems can be solved by understanding the root cause of the issue and implementing appropriate training techniques. Some common behavior problems include barking, biting, chewing, digging, jumping, and aggression towards people or other dogs. To address these issues, it is important to establish a consistent routine, provide adequate exercise and mental stimulation, and use positive reinforcement training methods. Seeking the guidance of a professional dog trainer or behaviorist may also be helpful in addressing more severe behavior problems. Patience, consistency, and a willingness to work with your dog are key in solving behavior problems.
Pets
Most behavior problems in dogs arise due to communication issues. Considering the fact that humans and dogs are completely different animals with distinct ways of perception, it can be surprising that they can coexist at all. Dogs have a unique way of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling the world around them, which is processed through a different brain compared to humans.
While natural behaviors like chewing, scent-marking, and barking were not a problem when dogs were wild, they can become problematic when dogs become part of a human family. As a responsible dog owner, it becomes necessary to shape your dog’s natural behavior and train them to exhibit good manners that align with society’s expectations.
Here are some effective ways to solve common dog behavior problems:
Dealing with an Aggressive Dog
There are myriad reasons why dogs can exhibit aggressive behavior, ranging from anger to playfulness. It is vital for every dog owner to be able to differentiate between these behaviors for the safety of everyone. If left unchecked, an aggressive dog can potentially bite or attack a family member or neighbor. Fortunately, there are strategies that can help make your dog more friendly and sociable. Learn more about handling an aggressive dog.
Dealing with a Biting Dog
For dogs, biting is a way of interacting with the world, similar to how humans use their hands. Dogs can bite due to various reasons, including anger, self-defense, love, or playfulness, which can be confusing. Regardless of the reason, there are solutions that can prevent your dog from biting people or other dogs.
Stopping a Dog from Chasing Cars
Dogs have a natural instinct to chase things that move quickly, and cars are no exception. This behavior can be dangerous for both the dog and the driver. However, with patience and training, you can break this habit and prevent your dog from chasing cars. Find out how to stop your dog from chasing cars.
Stopping a Dog from Chewing
Puppies, in particular, tend to chew on things because it can be painful when their teeth grow in. However, even adult dogs may chew inappropriately when they are distressed or bored. In some cases, chewing can be beneficial for your dog’s dental health. It is essential to teach your dog the difference between good and bad chewing habits. Discover how to stop your dog from chewing on inappropriate objects.
Stopping a Dog from Eating Feces
Although it may seem repulsive to humans, dogs eating feces is a common behavior, particularly among younger dogs. However, if an older dog eats its feces, it could be an indication of a more severe problem. Fortunately, there are ways to break this habit and prevent your dog from eating feces. Learn how to stop your dog from eating feces.
Reducing a Dog’s Excessive Digging
Dogs have a natural tendency to dig, and some breeds have even been bred for this purpose. While it may seem harmless, excessive digging can cause damage to your yard or even your neighbor’s property. Additionally, it can be messy and inconvenient when your dog tracks mud into your home. If you’re tired of dealing with your dog’s constant excavations, there are ways to discourage this behavior. Read on to learn how to curb your dog’s urge to dig.
Addressing a Dog’s Fighting Behavior
Dogs are territorial animals and are highly attuned to the social hierarchy within their group. Dominance is a key factor in canine society, and many of the behavior problems owners face can be traced back to their dog’s perception of their place in the power structure. If your dog believes they are the alpha in your household, they may be more prone to fighting and aggression. This can be dangerous for both your dog and others around them. This section will provide tips on addressing and preventing fighting behavior in dogs.
Managing a Dog’s Excessive Guarding
If your dog growls or acts aggressively when you approach them while they’re eating, they may have developed a guarding behavior that has become compulsive. Not only can this lead to potential injury, but it can also make it difficult to remove something toxic from your dog’s mouth. In addition to food, dogs may also guard their favorite toys or other possessions. This section will explore the problem of excessive guarding and provide strategies for managing it.
Preventing a Dog from Jumping
While some owners may appreciate the exuberant greeting of a jumping dog, it can be uncomfortable or even frightening for others. It’s important to train your dog not to jump on people, especially those who may be afraid of dogs or who are not expecting it. With proper training, you can teach your dog to jump only when given a specific command. This section will provide tips on preventing a dog from jumping on people.
Discouraging a Dog’s Territory Marking
Territory marking is a natural behavior for dogs, but it can become excessive and even problematic if your dog is under stress. With consistent training and guidance from you, your dog can learn to mark territory only in appropriate places. While you may not be able to train your dog to use utensils at the dinner table, you can teach them to control this behavior. This section will offer advice on discouraging excessive territory marking in dogs.
Preventing Leash Pulling in Dogs
Dogs have a natural inclination to pull on a leash due to their ancestral role as sled and pack pullers. However, some dogs exert so much force that it hampers their breathing, which can be detrimental to their health. While it may not be possible to completely eliminate this behavior, you can train your furry friend to curb their aggressive tendencies. Based on your dog’s breed, there are various solutions available to tackle this issue.
It is important to note that an aggressive dog is not necessarily an angry or violent one. Refer to the next section to understand how to manage this problem.
Managing Aggressive Canines
Aggression is the primary reason for putting an otherwise healthy dog to sleep. We tend to forget that dogs are predators capable of inflicting fatal and severe injuries. A genuinely aggressive dog can be a source of fear and anxiety.
It is crucial to identify if your dog is genuinely demonstrating aggression. The term aggression has a specific meaning in the field of animal behavior and is relative to different situations. For instance, playtime behavior that involves chasing, stalking, and hunting, and even killing is an ordinary occurrence and is viewed as practice for real-life skills.
Nonetheless, you can differentiate between playtime and aggressive behavior based on the dog’s expression and sound. Playful behavior is accompanied by a “play face” – a wide-open mouth, relaxed jaws, and open eyes that resemble a toothy grin. However, aggressive behavior is characterized by furious snarling and barking sounds.
Aggressive behavior in dogs can stem from various reasons. Here are some types of aggression:
Defensive Aggression:
In this scenario, the dog feels threatened and may bite when it senses danger. For instance, if a dog makes itself “invisible” after being scolded by its owner, the owner reaching out to reprimand the dog may provoke it to bite. In this situation, the dog believes that the owner intends to harm it. It is best to leave a dog alone if they retreat to avoid further aggression.
Territorial Aggression:
Dogs are known to defend their territory, which includes their food, their possessions, their owners, and their home. Territorial aggression is what makes dogs excellent watchdogs.
Territorial aggression in dogs can become problematic when it results in behaviors such as jumping, marking, or biting. Establishing a dominant relationship with your dog is important to prevent territorial defense against friendly visitors, meter readers, and letter carriers. However, your dog should still be able to defend you and your home if necessary. Agonistic aggression can be caused by sickness, injury, aging, or other situations that make a dog feel vulnerable. Reproductive aggression is triggered by the drive to reproduce and can result in fighting with other dogs and even aggression towards family members. Neutering or spaying your dog is the best solution for this type of aggression. Any form of aggressive behavior in dogs should not be ignored and a veterinary exam should be scheduled as soon as possible to determine the cause and course of treatment. Biting is a common type of aggressive behavior in dogs and will be discussed in the following section.
Dealing with a Dog That Bites
Every year, there are around half a million to one million cases of dog bites. Children under 12 years old are the most common victims, accounting for about 60 percent of all cases. The top five breeds that are most likely to bite are Chow Chows, Rottweilers, German Shepherd Dogs, Cocker Spaniels, and Dalmatians. In general, unneutered male dogs are the ones that are most likely to bite. This means that having an unneutered male Chow Chow in a household with young children can result in a trip to the emergency room. However, this doesn’t mean that you can’t have a dog from a breed that is prone to biting, or that you have to wait until your children are older before getting a dog. It simply means that you need to have a better understanding of why and when dogs bite, and take steps to prevent it from happening in your household.
Ways to Prevent Dog Bites
If you encounter a dog that is showing signs of aggression, your response can make a significant difference in whether or not you get bitten. It’s important to remember that any dog can bite, so don’t assume that a dog you know won’t hurt you just because it’s growling and staring. On the other hand, a dog that isn’t showing signs of aggression should not be assumed to be friendly. Since children are at the highest risk for dog bites, teach them these basic techniques and practice them yourself.
The most important rule to remember is to never approach a strange dog. If a dog approaches you, don’t run away. Instead, stand still with your fists folded under your chin and your elbows close to your body. Keep your legs together and avoid looking at the dog (as staring is a threat gesture). If the dog approaches you while you’re on the ground, roll onto your stomach with your legs together, fists folded behind your neck, and forearms covering your ears. Stay still until the dog goes away.
In at least 50 percent of all reported dog-bite cases, the victim provoked the dog, often unintentionally. Dogs usually give clear signals that they’re about to bite, but these signals may be missed by people who don’t know how to recognize them. The most common scenario involves a person or child who doesn’t realize that the dog is about to bite. Miscommunication is also a common cause of dog bites. For example, a child may scream and run away from a stray dog, triggering the dog’s chase reflex or causing it to interpret the child’s behavior as play. In either case, the dog’s only way of catching the child is with its mouth.
A dog’s body language can indicate its readiness to bite, with signs including staring, bared teeth, growling, a stiff-legged stance, raised hackles, and a wagging tail with a stiff, rapid movement. A more intense stare and deeper growling are usually the final warning before a bite. When a dog’s head is lowered and its ears go back against its head, it is a sign that it is about to bite. If the potentially threatening dog is your own, you may need professional help from a behaviorist to determine the reason for your dog’s biting and develop a strategy to change the behavior. This might involve giving the dog more exercise, socializing with people and other dogs, or teaching family members to leave the dog alone while eating, sleeping, or hiding. Car chasing can be a dangerous problem for some dogs, and the reasons for it can vary from answering the instinctive call to the hunt to territorial instincts. To teach a dog when chasing is okay, try to figure out why your dog is chasing cars and introduce them to their nemesis in a few friendly encounters accompanied by a favorite game or treat.
Leashing or distracting a dog with an unpleasant noise can be effective in correcting predatory chasing. When the dog stops chasing, reinforce the behavior with praise and treats. However, the most reliable way to prevent a dog from chasing cars is to keep them fenced or leashed. For dogs who see cars as sheep, providing alternative activities to channel their herding instincts can be helpful. This includes regular exercise, playing running and jumping games, and even participating in organized sports like flyball and agility training. For herding dog breeds, training them for herding trials is the best option. If a dog chews things they shouldn’t, it’s important to put away items with your scent on them and not give them old shoes or clothing to chew on. Chewing is a natural behavior for dogs and an important part of puppy development. It’s important to have patience and teach them what they can and cannot chew on. If a favorite item gets destroyed, even the most careless family member will start putting things away. Veterinary attention is usually not necessary for these behaviors.
To encourage your dog to chew on appropriate toys, make them as attractive as possible. If your dog seems to prefer items with your scent on them, place chew toys in the laundry hamper for a day or two before giving them to your dog. You can also try rubbing something tasty on the outside of rubber balls or other toys or stuffing treats inside of hollow toys. It’s important to give your dog a clear message from the beginning by providing appropriate chew toys and praising him for chewing them. Always keep a chew toy within reach and if you see your dog chewing on something he shouldn’t, quickly replace it with a toy and praise him for chewing the correct item. When giving bones to chew on, stick to large knucklebones or thigh bones that have been sterilized by boiling for half an hour. Avoid small bones or ones that could splinter easily. Some dogs are active chewers throughout their lives and may chew out of boredom or anxiety, so provide lots of different toys and rotate them to keep things interesting. When you’re home with your dog, make sure he gets plenty of exercise and quality time with you. If your dog is a destructive chewer, have your vet check for any physical causes before starting any corrections. To prevent chewing, keep everything you don’t want chewed out of your dog’s reach or use methods like applying unpleasant-tasting substances to furniture legs or protecting upholstery with double-sided tape. Dogs who only chew when left alone can be put into kennels or crates, but the crate should be thought of as a safe and happy place, not as punishment.
If you catch your dog chewing on inappropriate items, you should correct them in that moment. You should never scold your dog after the fact because they will not understand why they are being reprimanded. When you catch them chewing something they shouldn’t, take away the incorrect item and quickly replace it with an appropriate chew toy. You can also use a shaker can or other distraction to emphasize that the chewing is unwanted. After you have replaced the item, praise your dog lavishly for their good behavior.
Dogs have a tendency to eat anything, including their own feces or that of other animals. While this may sound disgusting, it is a natural and normal act for some dogs. For example, newborn puppies have not yet learned to eliminate on their own, so their mother dog licks them to stimulate urination and defecation, and then licks them again to clean them up. Other times, dogs will eat waste to obtain nutrients they may not be getting from their diet. However, eating stool can be a sign of loneliness or boredom. To prevent this behavior, you can give your dog more attention, exercise, and rotate their toys frequently. It is also important to pick up after your dog immediately and keep cat litter boxes out of reach. If you notice your dog eating stool, it is best to take them to the vet to rule out any underlying health issues. Adding brewer’s yeast or fiber to their diet may help alleviate the problem.
If your dog is constantly digging, it can be just as frustrating and damaging as a dog who chews excessively. In the following section, you will discover how to prevent your dog from digging excessively.
Preventing Excessive Digging
Digging is a natural behavior for dogs and they do it for many reasons. Terriers, for instance, have been bred to dig for generations and it is part of their job to dig out burrows and chase animals such as rats and badgers. Other dogs dig to create a comfortable place to sleep, hide food, or out of sheer boredom. Some simply do it for fun.
If your dog is digging up your garden or destroying furniture, try to understand their motivation. Are they bored and trying to entertain themselves by redoing the landscaping? Are they trying to stay cool by creating a bed in the cool earth? Are they an unneutered male trying to escape to mate with a female on the next street? Or perhaps they are burying bones or treats to enjoy later? Once you understand their reason for digging, you can take steps to change their behavior.
If your dog has been bred to dig, it may be challenging to stop them. You cannot force them to stop, so give them an opportunity to dig in an acceptable location. Provide them with their own patch of dirt or a sandpit to dig in. Encourage them to use this area and reward them when they do. Keep it interesting with plenty of toys and treats. If your dog is digging to find a cooler place to rest, provide more shade in that area or move them to a more comfortable spot such as under a tree or inside the house. If your dog is trying to escape, you may need to put concrete or wire beneath your fence to keep them from digging their way out. Neutering or spaying your dog takes away their primary motive for escaping. Some dogs may feel anxious or threatened when left outside for extended periods. Provide them with shelter such as a garage, shed, or doghouse to put an end to their escape attempts.
When you catch your dog digging where they shouldn’t, use distraction techniques. Once they stop, praise them, play a game, give them a toy, or take them to their designated digging spot. Never correct your dog for digging after the fact as it will only confuse them and make them more anxious and likely to dig again.
When to Seek Veterinary Attention
Digging behavior usually does not require veterinary attention.
Next, let’s explore excessive fighting behavior in dogs and how to stop it. This will be discussed in the following section.
Preventing Aggressive Behavior in Dogs
Dogs engage in fights with other dogs for various reasons, such as establishing dominance, protecting their territory, defending themselves or their food, and out of fear. A dog that has been neutered or spayed, received socialization from his early weeks with his mother and littermates, and has interacted with other dogs and people has a better chance of avoiding fights. However, if you already have an adult dog that tends to be aggressive, there are measures you can take to manage the situation.
Your dog’s reaction to other dogs depends on your own reaction. If you feel uneasy when you see other dogs approaching, your dog will sense it and perceive the other dog as a threat. Instead, keep a loose lead, keep moving, and engage in a happy conversation to help your dog view the approach of other dogs as normal.
Obedience training is essential for every dog, especially those that tend to be aggressive. When another dog approaches, have your dog perform an obedience routine or a different activity that distracts him from the other dog and focuses his attention on you. Correct him if he growls or barks at the other dog for failing to follow your commands, not for reacting to the other dog’s presence.
Reproduction is a significant factor in territorial and aggressive fighting. Neutering male dogs is crucial for controlling and correcting aggressive behavior, while spaying female dogs is equally important. These procedures have long-term behavior and health benefits for your dog.
When to Seek Professional Help
Some dogs have a stronger drive for dominance than others, which may lead to fighting, especially if there are two dogs in the same household. A behaviorist can help you understand the situation and offer advice on how to address the issue. Remember that dominance is a natural aspect of a dog’s behavior, and it’s normal for dogs to have different ranks. To correct your dog’s behavior, you need to think like a dog occasionally.
If your dog growls when you approach his food or bone, it can be frustrating. In the next section, we’ll explore how to stop your dog from excessive guarding.
How to Stop a Dog’s Excessive Food Guarding
Dogs have an instinct to protect their food, but it’s important for owners to have control over what their dog eats to ensure their safety. It’s also a dominance issue, and establishing who the dominant dog is important. Food guarding can trigger dog bites, so it’s important to establish the ultimate authority when it comes to meals.
If your dog is still a puppy, it’s important to teach them that everything comes through you, including food, toys, and petting. Make sure they sit or lie down before being fed and wait until you give the release word. Teach them that it’s okay for you to touch them while they eat and add a little food to their bowl while they’re eating to establish a positive association with you being near their food.
Location also matters when feeding your dog. Feeding them in a more spacious area with room to move around can reduce possessiveness. Practice giving them small portions of food at a time and taking the dish away and refilling it with small amounts until the food is gone. Praise your dog for being a good dog each time you take the dish away. Once they respond well to having their dish removed and replaced, add food to the dish while it’s still in front of them and walk away.
Remember, the goal is to maintain your dominance relationship with your dog and prevent them from becoming too possessive of their food. It’s important to teach all household members, especially children, to leave the dog alone at mealtime.
Protecting Possessions
Lisa is a working single mother with two young children aged 4 and 7. She adopted Hugo, their dog, from the shelter to be a companion for her kids and guard their home. Though Hugo is a kind, gentle dog who gets along well with the children, he often growls and bares his teeth when they approach him while he has a toy. Lisa expressed her confusion to the behaviorist, saying, “I don’t understand it. My kids can walk into the room while he’s playing with his toys, and he growls at them. He even brings a ball for them to throw, chases it, and then snarls when he returns it!”
When a dog becomes possessive of its belongings, it is sending a message, but you must ensure that you understand it. In Lisa’s case, part of the problem was a misunderstanding of how to play with Hugo. Hugo loved playing fetch, but after running after the ball for a few rounds, he preferred to lie down and chew it. However, the kids thought he was still playing and would take the ball away, causing Hugo to feel threatened. Therefore he learned to act aggressively to stop the game.
In other instances, it is a matter of dominance. Employing the same methods as for food guarding can be useful, but owners must also be assertive in other ways. Keeping the dog on a leash, even inside the house, sends a clear message that the owner is in control and things are okay. Train the dog in obedience, and when it starts guarding a toy, issue a command, redirecting its focus from the toy to the required behavior. Praise it when it responds to the command, even if it requires correction or the leash to obey. As part of its obedience training, every dog should have a command to make it drop something already in its mouth or stop it from picking something up. (Variations of this command include “Drop it!,” “Leave it!,” “Don’t touch!,” and “Out!”)
If a specific kind of toy provokes jealousy in the dog, discard it. Bones are particularly likely to turn even the most pleasant dogs into possessive brutes. If the dog cannot handle them or certain other toys, do not give them to it. Remember to praise the dog lavishly when it does something right. Whenever the dog turns away from a toy to obey a command or lets the owner take something away, do not hesitate to praise it for being a good dog. The amount of praise should always exceed the number of corrections.
When to Consult a Behaviorist
If guarding behavior becomes an ongoing issue for your dog, an animal behaviorist can advise on the appropriate treatment. Once a solution has been identified, ensure that all household members understand how to handle the problem.
Even if you enjoy your dog jumping up to greet you after a long day, some houseguests may not. In the following section, we will learn how to keep your dog on the floor.
Preventing Dogs from Jumping
Dogs love to jump, whether it’s a tiny toy pooch or a big breed. However, this behavior can become a problem as they grow older, especially if they are large breeds. Jumping up can be dangerous and cause injuries to people, particularly children and the elderly. While jumping up can be a sign of affection, it can also be a display of dominance, particularly in adult dogs. Therefore, it’s essential to train your dog to jump up only on command and curb spontaneous jumping.
You can start by establishing a routine when greeting your dog. Avoid running into the house and calling your dog excitedly. Instead, make greeting your dog a calm and relaxed part of your routine. Walk in, hang up your coat and keys, and greet your dog calmly away from the front door. If your dog jumps up, step aside and ignore him. Avoid yelling or kneeing your dog in the chest as it will only excite him more. Instead, teach your dog to sit when you come home. Reward him with a treat or praise, and soon he will learn that good things come to those who sit and wait.
When to Seek Veterinary Attention
Jumping is a natural behavior and does not require veterinary attention. However, if your dog’s jumping behavior becomes excessive, seek advice from your vet.
Teaching Your Dog to Jump on Command
If you want your dog to jump up on command, start by teaching him when not to jump. Wear clothes that you don’t mind getting dirty or torn, and ensure your dog’s nails are trimmed and filed. Pat your chest and say, “Up!” When you want your dog to get down, step back and say, “Off!” Avoid using the word “Down” as it will confuse your dog when you try to teach him the down command.
To train your dog not to jump on you or others without permission, use the chest pat and say “up” to signal that it is okay to greet you that way. If your dog jumps without invitation, firmly say “off” and ignore him. It’s important that everyone who interacts with your dog follows this routine to avoid confusing him. Dogs thrive on consistency and clear rules.
Dogs have a strong sense of smell and use urine to mark their territory and communicate with other dogs. This is a natural behavior, but it’s important to set boundaries and teach your dog where and when it’s acceptable to mark. Obedience training, positive reinforcement, and regular exercise can help clarify your dominance and give your dog something to look forward to during the day. Neutering can also prevent hormone-driven territorial behavior.
If your dog marks due to separation anxiety, gradually getting him used to being alone is key. Start with short periods of separation and gradually increase the time. Confining him to a crate can also help him feel more secure. To deter spraying on furniture, try attaching a piece of aluminum foil to the area. The noise and splashback may discourage the behavior.
It is important not to mistake scent-marking for a common housebreaking issue. A large puddle of urine in the house is more likely a sign that the dog needed to go outside while you were away. If your dog has a behavior problem, it’s recommended to have a veterinarian examine them before attempting any corrections. If there is a physical problem causing the behavior, no amount of training or correction will fix it. If your dog excessively pulls on their leash, you may need to train them to stop. You can try a jewel-link training collar or a head collar to help control pulling. If you have a sled dog or draft breed, you can harness their instinct to pull by letting them pull you on skates or skis, or by training them to pull a sled or cart. In general, this behavior does not require veterinary attention.
Dog Behavior Training Tips
If you’re struggling with your dog’s bad habits, don’t worry! We’ve identified 11 specific behaviors that can be difficult to manage, but with the right training, your pooch can overcome them. Best of luck to you!
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FAQ
1. What are some common dog behavior problems?
Common dog behavior problems include barking, biting, chewing, digging, jumping, aggression, separation anxiety, and excessive licking or scratching. These behaviors can be frustrating and even dangerous, but they can often be addressed with proper training and management.
2. How can I stop my dog from barking excessively?
To stop excessive barking, you should first identify the cause. Is your dog bored, anxious, or trying to alert you to something? Once you know the reason, you can address the behavior with training and management techniques, such as providing mental stimulation, using positive reinforcement, and teaching a “quiet” command.
3. What should I do if my dog is aggressive towards people or other animals?
If your dog is showing aggression, it’s important to seek professional help from a certified dog behaviorist. They can help identify the root cause of the aggression and develop a behavior modification plan to address it. In the meantime, keep your dog away from situations that trigger the aggression and use management techniques, such as muzzle training.
4. How can I prevent my dog from chewing on everything?
To prevent destructive chewing, provide your dog with appropriate chew toys and supervise them when they are out of their crate or designated area. If you catch your dog chewing on something they shouldn’t, redirect them to an appropriate toy and praise them when they chew on it instead. Consistency and patience are key to breaking this habit.
5. What can I do if my dog has separation anxiety?
If your dog has separation anxiety, it’s important to gradually desensitize them to being alone and teach them that being alone is okay. This can be done through crate training, leaving them alone for short periods of time and gradually increasing the duration, and providing them with a safe and comfortable space. You can also try using calming techniques, such as music or pheromone sprays.
6. How can I train my dog to stop jumping on people?
To train your dog to stop jumping, you need to teach them an alternative behavior, such as sitting or offering a paw. Use positive reinforcement to reward them for the desired behavior and ignore or redirect them when they jump. Consistency and patience are crucial, as jumping can be a deeply ingrained behavior.
7. What should I do if my dog is constantly scratching or licking?
If your dog is constantly scratching or licking, it could be a sign of an underlying medical condition or allergy. Take them to the vet for a check-up and possible treatment. In the meantime, you can use management techniques, such as distraction with toys or puzzles, to redirect their behavior.
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